The Anatomy of the Canine Ear

Dogs, just like humans have ears that function to hear sounds in the environment. The difference is that while the outside of a human ear is straight, a dogs ear can be floppy or straight. This area is referred to as the Pinna. Its main function is to funnel sound into the ear canal. A dogs ear canal is "L" shaped while a humans is straight. A dogs ear canal is made up of the descending canal or vertical canal and the horizontal canal which ends at the eardrum or tympanic membrane. A canine eardrum is clear and separates the external, middle and inner ear.

Common Causes for Ear Infections

The most common is an infection of the outside of the ear including the horizontal and vertical canals. This infection is referred to as Otitis Externa and is caused by three main reasons; ear mites, bacteria and yeast.

Otodectes cynotis or ear mites are the cause of this ear infection. It is most commonly found in puppies, but can be contracted at any age. It is highly contagious and is transferred from one infected animal to the next. These mites can also live on the head and neck.

Malassezia is the most common cause of a yeast related ear infection while Staphylococcus is the most seen factor in bacteria related ear infections. These two forms are generally more common than ear mite infections; however there are predisposing factors that can make your dog vulnerable. These factors include:

Ear Canal Conformation - If a dogs ear is longer or smaller than normal, this will allow for moisture and debris to become trapped more easily, thus resulting in infection.

Over Abundance of Hair in the Canal - This excess amount of hair is the perfect tool for trapping debris and holding onto water which can lead to an infection.

Residing in Humid Climates or Swimming - In a humid environment, water from the air can become trapped in the ear. In addition, a dog that swims can end up with water retained in both the horizontal and vertical canals, both of which can lead to infection.

Floppy or Folded Over Ears - Pinnae that cover the vertical canal can trap debris and retain water which results in ear infection.

Food Allergy - When a dog is allergic to certain foods, skin reactions can occur as well as changes in the ear canal environment. When this occurs, water is retained and the ending result is an ear infection.

Seasonal or Inhalant Allergies - This is also known as Atopy. If a dog has an allergic reaction to grass, trees, mold, dust and other environmental factors it can affect the environment of the ear canal. When this occurs, moisture accumulates creating an ear infection along with skin afflictions.

Systemic Diseases - Diseases that affect the endocrine system such as hypothyroidism can affect the skin and the immune system. When both of these systems are compromised, an ear infection can occur.

A growth or foreign object in the ear - A growth or foreign object in the ear can trap water and debris in the ear canal leading to an infection.

Over Ear Cleaning - If a dog's ears are cleaned too often, excess water and cleanser can be left behind. These two things can trap debris and eventually lead to an ear infection.

Heather Fox, the article author,  is an experienced veterinarian who loves to write and share about her experience and knowledge. She started an online classroom at Clivir.com where she provides more information about Dog Flea Allergy Dermatitis Treatment and Dog Urinary Tract Infections Treatment.

Debbie Foster is the owner of Pet Beds Unlimited and an avid animal lover. You’ll find a wide selection of quality

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